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1.
The hot corrosion Type II of the alloys FeCr20, FeCr20Ni10, FeCr20Ni20, and FeCr20Co10 is investigated at 700°C in air + 0.5% SO2 with deposits consisting of Na2SO4 and a eutectic mixture of Na2SO4 and MgSO4 for 24, 100, and 300 h. The alloying elements nickel and cobalt have a positive influence when tests are conducted using a MgSO4‐Na2SO4 deposit. In this case, they reduce the metal loss and increase the time to the propagation stage. In contrast, when the alloys are exposed with a Na2SO4 deposit, these alloying elements increase the metal loss and allow for the transition to the propagation stage because they can form molten phases with the Na2SO4. During the incubation stage an oxide scale forms on the FeCr20 alloy, which is thicker than the one formed during exposure without a deposit, and iron oxides are observed, which precipitate in the deposit. The propagation stage occurs by a dissolution and precipitation mechanism forming localized pitting attack. Iron is the main species that dissolves and precipitates, while chromium remains mainly as an oxide beneath the initial surface. The additional elements are found in the pit and in the salt deposit. 相似文献
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The purpose of this brief note is to demonstrate that general-purpose optimization methods and codes should not be discarded
when dealing with stress-constrained truss topology optimization. By using a disaggregated formulation of the considered problem,
such methods may find also “singular optima”, without using perturbation techniques like the ε-relaxed approach.
Received February 19, 2002 相似文献
5.
M. Stolpe K. Svanberg 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2003,57(5):723-739
This paper deals with topology optimization of discretized continuum structures. It is shown that a large class of non‐linear 0–1 topology optimization problems, including stress‐ and displacement‐constrained minimum weight problems, can equivalently be modelled as linear mixed 0–1 programs. The modelling approach is applied to some test problems which are solved to global optimality. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Celin Gürler Mathias Feyen Silke Behrens Nina Matoussevitch Annette M. Schmidt 《Polymer》2008,49(9):2211-2216
Much effort is conducted to construct artificial objects that are capable of converting chemical or electromagnetic energy into a specific, predetermined motion on the nanoscale. We present results on the synthesis of core–shell nanoparticles capable to be set in rotation by the application of electromagnetic fields. The nanorotors implied in the study are based on the cobalt nanospheres decorated with a stabilizing brush shell composed of poly(?-caprolactone) that is attached by surface-initiated polymerization. The functional cores used as macroinitiators can be fabricated alternatively by a two-step or a one-step process. 相似文献
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Martin Gneiser Julia Heidemann Mathias Klier Andrea Landherr Florian Probst 《Information Systems and E-Business Management》2012,10(1):61-84
Online social networks have been gaining increasing economic importance in light of the rising number of their users. Numerous
recent acquisitions priced at enormous amounts have illustrated this development and revealed the need for adequate business
valuation models. The value of an online social network is largely determined by the value of its users, the relationships
between these users, and the resulting network effects. Therefore, the interconnectedness of a user within the network has
to be considered explicitly to get a reasonable estimate for its economic value. Established standard business valuation models,
however, do not account for these aspects sufficiently. Thus, we propose an economic model for the valuation of online social
networks, which takes into account the users’ interconnectedness within the network. Furthermore, we analyze different centrality
measures, which can be used to quantify users’ interconnectedness in online social networks and propose a measure which is
based on the PageRank-algorithm. Finally, the practical application of the model is illustrated by an example of the European
online social network XING.com. 相似文献
10.
Semra Kurama Gunes Cigdemir Hasan Mandal Mathias Herrmann 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(2):714-716
In the present work, multi-cation-doped (Sr2+ –Mg2+ ) SiAlON ceramics were investigated. MgO and SrO were used in 100:0 and 50:50 molar ratios. The mixture was sintered at 1800° and 1830°C for 1 h in a gas pressure-sintering furnace. The results showed that sintered samples were composed of mainly α- and β-SiAlON phases and small amounts of some Sr-containing phases and SiAlON polytypes. According to Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns, Mg is incorporated into the α-SiAlON structure. However, the incorporation of Sr is limited. 相似文献